{"id":1510,"date":"2021-07-13T14:15:31","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T17:15:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petrusraulino.com.br\/?p=1510"},"modified":"2024-11-11T17:15:04","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T20:15:04","slug":"clinical-severity-and-calcium-metabolism-in-bipolar-disorder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petrusraulino.com.br\/en\/clinical-severity-and-calcium-metabolism-in-bipolar-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Clinical severity and calcium metabolism in Bipolar Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Dr. Petrus Raulino<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Research published in the journal Brain Science and carried out by the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Campania, Italy, suggests that calcium homeostasis may play a role in the severity of the disease. Bipolar disorder<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serum levels of calcium, vitamin D and parathormone (PTH) can theoretically be used as markers of chronic inflammation and, consequently, of neuroinflammation<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Calcium homeostasis is involved in various physiological processes, such as balancing the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system, immune modulation, the antioxidant defense system and various inflammatory processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

PTH (parathyroid hormone) regulates circulating and intracellular calcium levels in the Central Nervous System. At high levels, it can induce cell death due to calcium overload.<\/span><\/p>\n

PTH also promotes the conversion of vitamin D into its active form and is involved in neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory regulation. Vitamin D modulates the synthesis of neurotransmitters, influencing mood.<\/span><\/p>\n

High levels of PTH may be associated with neural damage and are associated with greater burden and worse clinical outcomes in Bipolar Disorder.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the published study, 199 patients with Bipolar Disorder type 1 (54.8%) or type 2 were selected. None of the patients had neurological or substance abuse comorbidities. Blood samples were obtained for testing from all patients.<\/span><\/p>\n

Search results<\/h2>\n

The main finding of the study was the association between high PTH levels and the severity of Bipolar Disorder, which may be due to several factors.<\/span><\/p>\n

Firstly, PTH levels can influence levels of chronic neuroinflammation, which is significantly associated with a greater burden of disease and a more severe clinical presentation of the disorder.<\/span><\/p>\n

High levels of PTH can lead to alterations in neurotransmitters, dysfunctional brain development, reduced immunoregulation and anti-inflammatory actions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Secondly, the relationship between high PTH levels and age of onset may be due to a chronic vitamin D deficiency, which triggers the neuroinflammation process.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thirdly, the association between aggressive behavior and high levels of PTH can be explained by the role of calcium imbalance in the synthesis of neurotransmitters<\/a> of serotonin through the tryptophan pathways.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finally, it is known that 25% of patients treated with lithium may experience hypercalcemia secondary to increased PTH levels.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

The results suggest that calcium imbalance may influence the long-term prognosis of Bipolar disorder.<\/a> PTH, vitamin D and calcium levels in patients with Bipolar Disorder should be monitored as they are a marker of clinical severity.<\/span><\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Steardo, L., Luciano, M., Sampogna, G., Carbone, E. A., Caivano, V., Di Cerbo, A., ... & Fiorillo, A. (2020). Clinical severity and calcium metabolism in patients with bipolar disorder. Brain sciences, 10(7), 417.<\/span><\/p>\n

Milenkovic, V. M., Stanton, E. H., Nothdurfter, C., Rupprecht, R., & Wetzel, C. H. (2019). The role of chemokines in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(9), 2283.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naifar, M., Guidara, W., Ellouze, A. S., Jmal, K., Omri, S., Messedi, M., ... & Ayadi, F. (2019). Bipolar disorder vulnerability: The vitamin D pathway. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 65(3), 184-192.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meehan, A. D., Udumyan, R., Kardell, M., Land\u00e9n, M., J\u00e4rhult, J., & Wallin, G. (2018). Lithium-associated hypercalcemia: pathophysiology, prevalence, management. World journal of surgery, 42(2), 415-424.<\/span><\/p>\n

Altunsoy, N., Y\u00fcksel, R. N., Cingi Yirun, M., K?l?\u00e7arslan, A., & Aydemir, \u00c7. (2018). Exploring the relationship between vitamin D and mania: correlations between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 72(3), 221-225.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Dr. Petrus Raulino Research published in the journal Brain Science and carried out by the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Campania, Italy, suggests that calcium homeostasis may play a role in the severity of Bipolar Disorder. 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