{"id":1426,"date":"2021-05-04T16:51:04","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T19:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petrusraulino.com.br\/?p=1426"},"modified":"2024-11-11T17:20:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T20:20:22","slug":"bipolar-disorder-and-neurochemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petrusraulino.com.br\/en\/bipolar-disorder-and-neurochemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"Bipolar Disorder and Neurochemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Dr. Petrus Raulino<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

The neurochemistry of Bipolar disorder<\/a> is complex and influenced by several risk genes, each with its own characteristics and small effect.<\/p>\n

But every little piece of this enormous puzzle has its relevance.<\/p>\n

The effects of Bipolar Disorder<\/h2>\n

Translational research published in the journal Neuron has shown that decreased protein kinase B (Akt) activity can lead to brain changes in the prefrontal cortex of men with Bipolar Disorder.<\/p>\n

Akt is a type of protein that adds phosphate molecule markers to other proteins. These phosphate markers act as an on-off switch, changing the way other proteins work and influencing vital functions.<\/p>\n

In the brain, these functions include aspects of communication between neurons and can affect mood and thinking.<\/p>\n

The Akt family of proteins exerts many of its cellular effects by activating the target protein of Rapamycin (mTOR) through a sequence of intermediate proteins.<\/p>\n

In the study, the men with Bipolar Disorder showed reduced activity of the Akt-mTOR pathway in the prefrontal cortex, an important brain region for cognitive processes such as memory and attention.<\/p>\n

After observing a correlation between Bipolar Disorder and the quieter Akt pathway in bipolar men, the researchers applied a reverse translational approach, i.e. the study was extended to intervention in an animal model.<\/p>\n

Viruses were used to deliver fragmented Akt proteins to the prefrontal cortex of mice. These fragmented proteins replaced the functioning Akt proteins, inhibiting the Akt pathway.<\/p>\n

In behavioral tests, the manipulated mice showed memory problems and stopped exploring familiar environments.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, they maintained typical social behavior, suggesting that the pathway was not responsible for more complex brain functions.<\/p>\n

On examining the brains of the manipulated mice, it was observed that the dendritic spines had been damaged.<\/p>\n

The connections between neurons occur through dendritic spines. The destruction of dendritic spines weakens neuronal connections and, consequently, cognitive processing.<\/p>\n

Hypoactivity of the Akt-mTOR pathway in Bipolar Disorder in men may be a factor in cognitive deficits - in memory and concentration.<\/p>\n

Of course, a single protein pathway cannot explain all the complexity of Bipolar Disorder.<\/p>\n

But the research is relevant, as it adds another piece to an immense puzzle. We continue on the path of research.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Vanderplow, A. M., Eagle, A. L., Kermath, B. A., Bjornson, K. J., Robison, A. J., & Cahill, M. E. (2021). Akt-mTOR hypoactivity in bipolar disorder gives rise to cognitive impairments associated with altered neuronal structure and function. Neuron.<\/p>\n

Gordovez, F. J. A., & McMahon, F. J. (2020). The genetics of bipolar disorder. Molecular psychiatry, 25(3), 544-559.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Dr. Petrus Raulino A neuroqu\u00edmica do Transtorno Bipolar \u00e9 complexa e influenciada por v\u00e1rios genes de risco, cada qual com suas caracter\u00edsticas e pequeno efeito. Mas cada pequena pe\u00e7a desse enorme quebra-cabe\u00e7a tem sua relev\u00e2ncia. Os efeitos do Transtorno Bipolar Uma pesquisa translacional publicada na revista Neuron demonstrou que a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da atividade da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[127,115,121,117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia-e-saude-mental","category-informativo","category-saude-mental","category-transtornos-psicologicos"],"yoast_head":"\nTranstorno Bipolar e Neuroqu\u00edmica | Dr. Petrus Raulino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A neuroqu\u00edmica do Transtorno Bipolar \u00e9 complexa e influenciada por v\u00e1rios genes de risco, cada qual com suas caracter\u00edsticas e pequeno efeito.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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