{"id":1425,"date":"2021-05-04T16:50:06","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T19:50:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petrusraulino.com.br\/?p=1425"},"modified":"2024-11-11T17:20:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T20:20:23","slug":"bipolar-disorder-and-neuroinflammation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petrusraulino.com.br\/en\/bipolar-disorder-and-neuroinflammation\/","title":{"rendered":"Bipolar Disorder and Neuroinflammation"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Dr. Petrus Raulino<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

What is Bipolar Disorder?<\/h2>\n

O Bipolar disorder<\/a> is a subtype of mood disorder. It affects around 2% of the world's population.<\/p>\n

Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by at least two mood episodes (depression or mania) throughout life, at least one of which must be manic.<\/p>\n

Twin studies have shown that the genetic load of Bipolar Disorder is in the order of 70 to 80%.<\/p>\n

There is strong evidence that the risk for Bipolar Disorder is polygenic, i.e. it occurs through a set of alleles, each of which has a small effect on the risk.<\/p>\n

Genetic studies have shown aberrant messenger RNA expression of inflammatory genes in patients with Bipolar Disorder and their offspring.<\/p>\n

The role of Neuroinflammation<\/h2>\n

In recent years, scientific research has substantially increased understanding of the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders.<\/p>\n

In vitro research published in the journal Stem Cell Reports sought to understand whether altered molecular signaling in astrocytes induced by inflammation was associated with Bipolar Disorder.<\/p>\n

Astrocytes are cells known to participate in the inflammatory cascade within the brain. They are activated by interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and, in turn, secrete cytokines that participate in the neuroinflammation process.<\/p>\n

The research compared markers of inflammation in astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from patients with Bipolar Disorder and healthy individuals.<\/p>\n

Search results<\/h2>\n

The response of astrocytes from patients with Bipolar Disorder to pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed a particular pattern, characterized by higher expression of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene. As a result, these cells secreted more IL-6, which negatively impacted the activity of neurons.<\/p>\n

Factors secreted by astrocytes play a role in regulating neuronal activity and, in the case of Bipolar Disorder, IL-6 mediates at least in part between the effects of astrocytes stimulated by inflammation and neuronal activity.<\/p>\n

These findings suggest that IL-6 may contribute to alterations in neuronal functioning associated with Bipolar Disorder, opening up new avenues for clinical research.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/h4>\n

Vadodaria, K. C., Mendes, A. P., Mei, A., Racha, V., Erikson, G., Shokhirev, M. N., ... & Gage, F. H. (2021). Altered neuronal support and inflammatory response in bipolar disorder patient-derived astrocytes. Stem Cell Reports.<\/p>\n

Gordovez, F. J. A., & McMahon, F. J. (2020). The genetics of bipolar disorder. Molecular psychiatry, 25(3), 544-559.<\/p>\n

Benedetti, F., Aggio, V., Pratesi, M. L., Greco, G., & Furlan, R. (2020). Neuroinflammation in bipolar depression. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 71.<\/p>\n

Colombo, E., & Farina, C. (2016). Astrocytes: key regulators of neuroinflammation. Trends in immunology, 37(9), 608-620.<\/p>\n

Craddock, N., & Sklar, P. (2013). Genetics of bipolar disorder. The Lancet, 381(9878), 1654-1662.<\/p>\n

Edvardsen, J., Torgersen, S., R\u00f8ysamb, E., Lygren, S., Skre, I., Onstad, S., & \u00d8ien, P. A. (2008). Heritability of bipolar spectrum disorders. Unity or heterogeneity? Journal of affective disorders, 106(3), 229-240.<\/p>\n

McGuffin, P., Rijsdijk, F., Andrew, M., Sham, P., Katz, R., & Cardno, A. (2003). The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 60(5), 497-502.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Dr. Petrus Raulino O que \u00e9 o Transtorno Bipolar? O Transtorno Bipolar \u00e9 um subtipo de transtorno de humor. Afeta cerca de 2% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o mundial. O Transtorno Bipolar \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o psiqui\u00e1trica caracterizada por no m\u00ednimo dois epis\u00f3dios de humor (depress\u00e3o ou mania) ao longo da vida, sendo que pelo menos um deles […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[127,109,121,117],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia-e-saude-mental","category-curiosidades","category-saude-mental","category-transtornos-psicologicos"],"yoast_head":"\nTranstorno Bipolar e Neuroinflama\u00e7\u00e3o | Dr. Petrus Raulino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nos \u00faltimos anos, as pesquisas cient\u00edficas t\u00eam aumentado substancialmente a compreens\u00e3o do papel da neuroinflama\u00e7\u00e3o em transtornos psiqui\u00e1tricos.\" \/>\n<meta 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